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来源：乐发彩票玩法2024-12-14 17:48

中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

　　中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。

　　2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

　　日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

　　日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

　　事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。

　　因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。

　　日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

　　《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

　　德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

　　日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

　　国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。

　　太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。

　　Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

　　By John Lee

　　(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

　　Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

　　The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

　　On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

　　The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

　　In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

　　Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

　　The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

　　The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

　　The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

　　According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

　　As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

　　However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

　　Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

　　The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

　　If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.

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让国产碳纤维更具竞争力******

　　让国产碳纤维更具竞争力(新知)

　　【现象】每束碳纤维都有4.8万根纤维，每根纤维直径只有头发丝直径的1/7到1/8，且纤维含碳量达到95%，强度是钢的7—9倍……前不久，我国首个万吨级48K大丝束碳纤维工程生产线在上海石化碳纤维产业基地投料开车，生产出性能媲美国外同级别的合格产品。这意味着，我国在大丝束碳纤维生产和装备国产化方面，实现了重要突破。

　　【点评】

　　一束束白色原丝经过高温碳化，便可缠绕成一轴轴高性能黑色碳纤维。别看每根单丝身量纤纤，却强度高、抗摩擦、耐腐蚀，被称为“材料黑金”，可广泛应用于航空航天、能源装备、交通运输、体育休闲等领域。它能让矗立于戈壁的风电叶片更轻巧，让疾驰于街巷的新能源汽车变得轻量化，让远在九霄云外的运载火箭更节省燃料，也能让鱼竿、球拍的耐久度大幅提升……实际上，碳纤维已深入千行百业，走进了千家万户。

　　按丝束规格的不同，有小丝束碳纤维和大丝束碳纤维之分。在业内，通常将每束碳纤维根数大于4.8万根的称为大丝束碳纤维。小丝束性能优异，但成本较高，大丝束在保持碳纤维优良性能的前提下，能大幅降低成本，从而为市场应用打开更大空间。

　　近年来，随着我国高新技术产业的壮大，碳纤维的市场应用也在不断拓展。数据显示，近10年来我国碳纤维需求加速增长。2021年需求量达到6.2万吨，同比增长27.7%。除了航空航天对碳纤维的需求保持增长，以风电叶片为主的新能源市场正成为拉动碳纤维产业发展的重要引擎，推动碳纤维产业跨入以工业应用为主的新阶段。同时，我国商用航空、无人机等领域装备持续升级迭代，在可预见的未来，碳纤维需求仍将保持快速增长态势。

　　在不断扩大的市场需求牵引下，我国碳纤维行业加快向更成体系、更高性能、更低成本的方向迈进。山西钢科已形成覆盖国内高性能碳纤维领域主要品种的生产能力，中复神鹰推出年产3万吨高性能碳纤维建设项目……一段时间以来，在政策加力和企业努力下，我国不断取得碳纤维制备和应用关键技术的新突破，相关产能持续跃升，自给率不断提高。国产碳纤维的市场份额从2019年的31.7%攀升至2021年的46.9%。也应看到，国产碳纤维的性能与质量稳定性尚有不小提升空间，短期内碳纤维核心装备仍需依赖进口。在关键核心技术上打造创新矩阵，加快形成具有国际竞争优势的运行产能，是我国碳纤维产业面临的现实挑战，也是实现高质量发展的长远目标。

　　党的二十大报告提出：“推动战略性新兴产业融合集群发展，构建新一代信息技术、人工智能、生物技术、新能源、新材料、高端装备、绿色环保等一批新的增长引擎。”这为我国碳纤维产业带来了新的发展机遇。我国门类齐全、独立完整的工业体系和超大规模市场优势，为碳纤维市场应用创造了丰富场景；规模庞大的研发队伍和持续涌现的创新型市场主体，为碳纤维技术创新提供了有力支撑。保持自主创新的战略定力，持续锻长板、补短板，定能更好激发新材料产业发展动能，为经济社会高质量发展注入汩汩活力。(人民日报韩鑫)

　　（文图：赵筱尘巫邓炎）

[责编：天天中]

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